Air cooled engine exhaust valves



H. NIEDERMAN AIR COOLED ENGINE EXHAUST VALVES Filed Dec. 9, 1955 Jan. 14, 1958 IN V EN TOR.

I 2,819,704 QQ ED ENG NE EXHAUST VALVES Henry Niederman, Bronx, N. Y. Application December 9, 1955, Serial No. 552,009

6 Claims. (Cl. 123- -41.17)

This invention relates to an improved internal combustion engine, and its leading object is to provide means for supplying fresh air to the internal Combustion chamber during the exhaust cycle, to advance the expulsion of waste fuel gases and to cool the internal combustion chamber and the valves, so that overheating of the 'engine maybe controlled. Another object of the invention is to provide an. internal combustion engine with exhaust valves, "each one. of WlfliChlS constructed to' admit fresh air to the internal combustion chamber only during the period when the exhaust valve is in open orv exhausting position.

A further object of the invention is the provision of aninternal combustion engine, with any type of valve installation, with exhaust valves, each one of whichiis constructed with an axial flow passage and with lateral flow passages, normally closed when the exhaust valve is.engaged with "its seat, and with means for supplying fresh air to the axial passage, which iscontrolled by the position of the exhaust valve, so that when the exha'ust valve is seated no air will flow through the valve to. its combustion chamber, but when the valve is opened by, the. cyclic operation of the camshaft of the engine, fresh air will flow through the valve into the combustion chamber to displace the burnt or waste gases therein and to lower the temperature of the internal combustion engine and the exhaust valves thereof.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention. comprises certain new and useful constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts, clearly described in 'the following specification and fully illustrated in the drawings accompanying the same.

Fig. 1- is a vertical sectional view through the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, showing my air cooled exhaust valve in open position, and illustratingthe air flow passages through the stem and head. of the valve." Fig' 2. is a similar view, showing the exhaust'valve seated in closed position, with the air passages closed;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view, taken the inlet air opening, on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 4 is' a side elevation of an air tank for the compressed air supply, showing the electric'inotor and 'air compressor for maintaining the required supply of pres suke Fig. 5 is a plan view, on a reduced scale, showing a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and the air connections therefor which supply air to the exhaust valve? l Referring to the accompanying drawings designates an internal combustion engine, which includes the cylinders 11, and the crank shaft 12, turning in bearings 13, of any construction. In each cylinder 2.. piston 14 is arranged to reciprocate on itsconnecting rod 15, which is mounted on the crank throw 16 of the crank shaft,

"Above the top position of the piston the usualciorrrbus'tion chamber 17 is provided under the water cooled beta: 18, An exhaust manifold 19 is connected to this engine so as 'to conduct the products of combustion or waste fuel gases from the combustion chamber 17.

Communication between the exhaust. manifold, and

2,819,704 Patented Jan. 14, 1958 2 the combustion chamber is, controlled by the exhaust valve 20, which includes the .valve head 20a and the in,- tegral stem 20b. The valve head 20a is formed with a tapered or bevelled side edge 200, which has a ground fit with the valve seat 21.

The valve stem 20b is slidable in the valve guide. 22, mounted in the bearing 23 of the engine block. A collar 24 is secured on the stem 20]; by means of the. pin 24a, and this collar is engaged by the coil spring 25, which surrounds the valve stem in the usual manner, the other end of the coil spring engaging the bearing, 23, and this spring exerts pressure to hold the exhaust valve normally seated;

The outer end of the valve stemis engaged bythe abutment screw 26 which is adjustable in the tappetrod 27, connected with the plunger cylinder- 28, which. is, directly acted on by the cam 29, of the usual cam shaft; which is driven by the crank shaft in timed relation to the rotation of the crank shaft and the reciprocating movements of the pistons.

The valve stem 20b is formed with .an axial flow. passage, 30, which is provided with lateral inlet ports..30a and 30b, extending to opposite sides of the, valve, stem, and with radial valve flow passages 31 in the, valve, head 20 2, which are in normal open communication with the axial valve flow passage 30. The valve head passages-31 are extended to and through the, bevelled edge 20c, and when the valve is normally seated these discharge pas; sages will be closed by the valve-seat 21.

The valve guide 22 is formed with an internal dis tribution recess or passage. 22a, and provided with an intake: port 22b, to which the air conduit 32 is coupled, in any approved manner. The. airv conduit 32is. con nected with a local pressure tank 33, which islsupplied with compressed air from the pressure, tank 3. 4flby"the conduit 35, and an air filter 36 is provided: in this line of flow. Air is maintained under compression in: the main supply tank 33 by means of thecompresson37- and the low voltage electrical motor 38,, which drivesthe compressor by means of the belt or other drive 39; A pressure valve 40 controls the, pressure of the air in-the main tank 33 by operating the switch 41 for the moton 38. When the pressure of air in the tank drops below the predetermined level of pressure, thev motor'is automatically started by the action of the. pressure valve -lt). on the switch 41. In this way a constant supply. of air is maintained for the exhaust valves.

When the cam 29 lifts the exhaust valve, the lateral ports or inlets 30a and 30b are. moved into registration with the internal flow passage or recess 22a of the valve guide, and pressure air will flow from the. local pressure tank 33, through the inlet ports 30a. and. 3012, through the axial flow passage 30, and out, through the radial= flow passages 31 to the combustion, chamber. V

The pressure air is released to the. combustion cham: her. after the initial pressure discharge of the fuel gases, to the exhaust manifold has taken place, so that pressure air, when it enters the combustion chamber, will not be resisted by a high pressure mass of exhaust gases. Asrthe cooling pressure air enters the combustion chamber it displaces the waste fuel products, so thatscavenging of the combustion chamberis advanced, with the result being that alow or negligible percentage of the waste fuel products will remain in the combustion ch-arn her to, mix with the new. fuel charge when this is ad-" mitted. by the opening of the fuel charging-valve. M

The flow of: cooling air through thelstemand headof the exhaust valves, transfer heat from these valves.

to. the exhaustmanifold, which receives the mixed-coolingair and the wasteproducts.of'combustion. This in ternal cooling, ofthe exhaust valves prevents excessive; expans on of the valve. stems and heads, and preventsoverheating, so that sticky valve action is prevented. Moreover, the displacement of the exhaust gases by the cooler air under pressure has the effect of internally cooling the engine cylinders, and this results in a better power functioning of the pistons.

As the exhaust valve stem is returned to its normal closed position by the action of the coil spring, the flow of pressure air to the internal combustion engine is completely cutoff, by the closing of the inlet ports of the valve stem, and there is no disturbance of the mixture of air and vaporized fuel, delivered to the engine.

The timing of the internal cooling of the exhaust valves and of the combustion chamber is controlled entirely by the timing of the cam, which operates the exhaust valve, in correct timed relation to the efiicient operation of the internal combustion engine.

During summer months and when the weather is hot during other periods of the year, internal combustions overheat and the operation of automobiles, trucks and buses is often suspended because of the overheated condition of the engines. During this period my internal air cooling system will render valuable service. But when the weather cools, which may at night even in summer, it is desirable that the cooling of the engine be limited to the standard water system. I, therefore, provide a thermostatic valve 42 in the air feed line, which automatically cuts out the air cooling system when the temperature falls to a certain level, and automatically cuts in the air cooling system when the temperature rises above a certain level. In this way the air cooling of the valves and internal combustion chambers is automatical- 1y varied to meet the needs of the engine.

It is understood that various changes in the details of construction, their combination and arrangement, may be carried out, within the scope of the claims which define the invention.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine cylinder having a combustion chamber, an exhaust manifold communicating with the combustion chamber, an exhaust valve controlling said communication, and means for reciprocating the exhaust valve; the exhaust valve having a guide provided with a distribution flow passage therein and an inlet therefor, the exhaust valve having a stem slida-ble in said guide and negisterable with the distribution flow passage when the exhaust valve has been raised from communication closing position and with a longitudinal flow passage communicating with said inlet port and with a head provided with a lateral discharge passage opening through the edge of the valve head and communicating with the longitudinal flow passage, said valve head engaging a seat of said engine cylinder to close said lateral discharge passage, the inlet port being tration with said distribution flow passage when the valve is in closed position, and means for supplying air under pressure to said distribution flow passage, whereby cooling air Will be discharged through said exhaust valve when it is in an open or raised position and waste fuel gases will be displaced from said combustion chamber.

2. In combination, an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder, a combustion chamber for the cylinder provided with an exhaust manifold, the engine having a valve controlling communication between the combustion chamber and the exhaust manifold, said valve having a stem and a head provided with a bevelled seating edge, the stem having sliding engagement with a guide and the guide having an inlet port and an internal flow passage communicating with said inlet port, the valve stem having a lateral inlet port and a flow passage extended from said inlet port to and through said bevelled seating edge, the engine having a valve seat engaged by said seating edge, a cam for lifting .said valve from itsseat, a spring for returnprovided with a lateral inlet port disposed out of regising the valve to its seat, and a supply of compressed air communicating with said valve guide inlet port to supply cooling air to said valve stem and said valve head, said axial flow passage of the valve stem being in communication with said compressed air supply only when said valve stem is in raised position.

3. An internal combustion engine having an exhaust valve provided with air passage therein, and means for supplying pressure air to said passage only when the valve is in raised open position.

4. An internal combustion engine having an exhaust valve provided with an air discharge passage in its head closed when the valve is seated, and means for supplying pressure air to said air passage which is adapted to prevent flow of air to said discharge passage when the valve is seated and to allow flow automatically when the valve is raised from its seat.

5. In internal combustion engine cylinder having a reciprocating exhaust valve provided with a head having a bevelled seating edge and a central stem, the valve head being formed with an air passage extending through said bevelled seating edge and an axial air passage in said stem communicating with said head passage, a spring for seating the valve, a cam for opening the valve against the pressure ofthe spring, a guide for the valve stem, the guide having an air passage encircling the stem and the axial stem air. passage having lateral intake passages adapted to communciate with the air passage of the guide when the valve is disposed in raised exhausting position, said intake passages of the stem being located below the air passage of the guide when the valve is seated and spaced below said guide air passage a sufficient distance to allow a time interval between the start of the opening movement of the valve and its fully raised position to permit pressure discharge of exhaust gases in said cylinder, said cam being timed to control this communication, and means for supplying air to said passages when the valve is in raised position.

6. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder provided with a combustion chamber and an exhaust conduit leading from and communicating with said chamber, and further provided with an exhaust valve controlling said communication, said exhaust valve having a head provided with a bevelled seating edge and provided with a stem and the engine cylinder having a seating mating with said edge, a guide for said valve stem having an air feeding passage across which the valve stem moves, the stem having an axial passage and the head having an air passage communicating with said axial air passage and extending through the bevelled edge thereof, the stem having a lateral inlet passage communicating with said axial passage and located below the air feeding passage of the guide when the valve is seated to prevent air from flowing through said valve head when the valve is seated, a spring for closing the valve, and a cam for opening the valve to exhaust the gases from said cylinder, the inlet passage of said stem being located below the feed passage of the guide when the valve is closed a suflicient distance to allow a limited opening movement of the valve before the flow of air starts from the guide passage to the axial stem passage and thence through the head passage to the cylinder approximately sufiicient to allow most of the exhaust gases of the cylinder to discharge to the exhaust conduit, the guide air passage having communication with an air supply source.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,873,119 Griswold Aug. 23, 1932 2,041,160 Zahodiakin May 19, 1936 2,063,779 Baj Dec. 8, 1936 7 ,261 Harbaugh Oct. 10, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS 1 9,985 Great Britain Oct. 20, 1921 

